HPV vaccination

There are currently 2 vaccines which protect against both HPV 16 and HPV 18, which are known to cause at least 70% of cervical cancers. The vaccines may also have some cross-protection against other less common HPV types which cause cervical cancer. One of the vaccines also protects against HPV types 6 and 11 which cause ano-genital warts.

Clinical trial results show that both vaccines are safe and very effective in preventing infection with HPV 16 and 18.

Both vaccines work best if administered prior to exposure to HPV. Therefore, it is preferable to administer them before first sexual activity.

The vaccines cannot treat HPV infection or HPV-associated disease such as cancer.

Some countries have started to vaccinate boys as the vaccination prevents genital cancers in males as well as females, and one of the two available vaccines also prevents genital warts in males and females. WHO recommends vaccination for girls aged 9-13 years as this is the most cost-effective public health measure against cervical cancer.

HPV vaccination does not replace cervical cancer screening. In countries where HPV vaccine is introduced, screening programmes may still need to be developed or strengthened.

Primary prevention begins with HPV vaccination of girls aged 9-13 years, before they become sexually active.

Other recommended preventive interventions for boys and girls as appropriate are: